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02 FOR KIDS LEARN AMAZING AND INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT LITHOGRAPHY EQUIPMENT, AND HOW IT WORKS 02 FOR KIDS LEARN AMAZING AND INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT LITHOGRAPHY EQUIPMENT, AND HOW IT WORKS

Lithography equipment is a semiconductor
exposure system. It uses light and lenses to draw pictures.

  • What is light?
  • What’s a lens?

Light enters a camera lens and strikes the film. Then a chemical change occurs and draws a picture on the film. This lithography equipment exposure system is how film photography works.Note: Site illustration is simplified for easy understanding.

Film camera Film

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Now, let’s shine ultraviolet (UV) light through a number of lenses onto a “substrate” board. This is coated with a special resin that changes in contact with UV light. Exposure occurs, creating a pattern like a shadow picture.

Lenses Substrate
Where the material
transforms

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Patterns called “semiconductor circuits” are made by “semiconductor lithography equipment.” These circuits are key parts of products such as smartphones, TVs, and PCs. Semiconductor lithography equipment uses light and lenses to make many popular devices.

Circuit design Lenses Substrate

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Semiconductor
lithography equipment

You’ll find exposure systems in many familiar devices. Like film cameras, digital cameras use a similar exposure method — but capture light with a sensor instead of film. Light passing through a camera lens reaches the sensor and exposes it. That’s how digital pictures are taken.

Digital camera Image

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Turn on a flashlight in the dark. As the light enters the camera, only its round shape appears in the image when you take a picture.

Digital camera Image

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Move this light around and take a photo while the camera shutter is open. You can draw letters and pictures with the moving light.

Digital camera Image

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  1. We see things because of light.

    Sunlight, electric light, candlelight... even light produced by TV screens and tablet PCs. Without light, the world would be totally dark and you could not see anything.


  2. Light is invisible in shape. What do you think it’s like — particles or waves? Now, light is considered to be both — tiny unseen particles called ”photons” that move as “electromagnetic waves.”


  3. The color of light depends on “wavelength.” Different light waves are visible to the human eye — long waves as red light and short waves as purple light. Even shorter waves beyond purple become invisible light called “ultraviolet rays.” (These can cause sunburn.)

  1. What are the features of a lens?

    Various lenses are used in devices around us — such as eyeglasses, cameras, telescopes, and magnifying glasses. Lenses can make objects appear larger or smaller by controlling the light.


  2. There are mainly two types of lenses — concave and convex. A concave lens makes things look smaller while a convex lens makes things look larger.


  3. Functions of convex lenses:
    1) Gathering light 2) Creating images 3) Making things look larger

    Convex lenses change light behavior in many ways (“refraction”). Made of transparent material such as glass or plastic, convex lenses have a thick center and thinner edges. Light entering a convex lens bends inward due to refraction (see example). However, light bends more toward the periphery (edge) than at the center of the lens. For this reason, parallel light rays entering the lens converge at one point, creating an image or making things appear larger.